Introduction to Negotiation Free Essays

Prologue to Negotiation is and action that each individual caries out in his regular day to day existence. We are continually exchange with ourselves, our family, companions, business, and so forth. Each action that happens is the consequence of an exchange †â€Å"Pros and Cons†. We will compose a custom article test on Prologue to Negotiation or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Furthermore, hence arrangement can be characterized as; â€Å"The implies by which individuals manage their differences† Negotiation is a ceaseless and an advancing procedure particularly in a gracefully chain condition. An organization can't meet the desire for its clients or investors courageous and in this manner there is part of exchange is included and it is a constant procedure. It is a procedure that develops when there is a distinction and it can't be settled courageous without an exchange. Exchange isn't really a success free procedure, yet a decent arrangement process is the place the two gatherings acknowledge a commonly useful or agreeable arrangement. A Negotiation can be distributive or integrative relying upon how it been led. An exchange which includes hard dealing and is for the most part focused on one point where as a rule the victor takes everything is a distributive arrangement. There is next to zero consideration paid to relationship, thought or sharing of data and are extremely forceful. On the opposite an integrative exchange is a procedure wherein all gatherings coordinate to augment the advantage to all gatherings and is normally alluded to as growing the pie. There is parcel of comprehension among the gatherings and significance is paid to how more esteem can be created in a proceeding with organization. Once in a while relying upon the theme an arrangement can get mind boggling. It could get into a Multi Phase Negotiation stage where one arrangement could lead into another exchange with the intricacy expanding at each stage. It could likewise get into a Multiparty Negotiation where the necessities and need of different gatherings will require to be investigated and will be incorporated into further exchanges. In spite of the fact that there are numerous sorts or reasons for exchange, it is consistently significant for a successful arrangement to underline once BATNA (Best Alternative To A Negotiated Agreement) and their Reservation Point. A BATNA is something which each arbitrator ought to have, and is totally heavily influenced by him. With this he ought to have the option to set up his booking point, something past which he ought not arrange. Once these are obviously comprehended and haggled up on, we can all things considered of the time recognize the ZOPA (Zone of Potential Agreement), which in the vast majority of the occasions covers both parties’ reservation focuses. Aside from the above other principle components that assumes a significant job in an arrangement and the most significant is tuning in. The two gatherings should focus, tune in and recognize different gatherings BATNA and Reservation Points. This won't just improve connections and accomplish in setting up a ZOPA, yet could likewise be advantageous to different divisions or different elements that could have association with your unit or industry. There ought to likewise be part of readiness required before an exchange and arrangement should concentrate on all regions. While an exchange can be powerful, it could have a few obstructions. In this way it is consistently significant that some degree of exertion is placed in earlier and during the exchange. It is imperative to regard all gatherings and recognize their inclinations and concerns. Discovering territories of normal interests and sharing same, giving a safe place to arrangement, discussing past encounters, and so forth , are a portion of the couple of approaches to loosen up before going into an exchange procedure straightforwardly. Thus it is significant that during exchange a procedure is plainly followed. The point around which conversation is taking spots is well recognizes and not veered off from and an unmistakable course of events is set up. It is likewise significant that the correct people are included during the exchange and the focuses haggled upon is reasonable There ought to be space for adaptability all boundaries like absence of trust, extreme bartering, being hesitant to share data, basic hindrances in putting wrong individuals at the conversation, social and sexual orientation distinction any inds of spoilers ought not be utilized and the language utilized ought to be basic and comprehension to all gatherings. Mental obstructions like Escalation, Partisan Perception, Irrational Expectation, Override certainty brought about by sense of self, having moving BATNA, not having a reasonable breakpoint, not understanding the other individual, not sharing issue and getting perspective, feeling powerful, and so forth and ought not be utilized during an arrangement procedure. While there are no rights or wrongs, style likewise matters in an arrangement. This regularly thinks about the sort of individual one is in every case best to think about how to continue. There are 5 unique styles and each can be itemized as underneath; Avoiding style is the point at which you detests clashes and attempt to maintain a strategic distance from them at all expense. It is frequently connected with attempting to pull back from circumstance or attempt to pass the choice to another person and subsequently hard to come to an end result. This sort of style can be utilized if the issue, relationship, choice is of less significance, yet can cause issues if the relationship or issue is of significance. Utilizing this over and over again can have a negative inclination. Obliging is when attempting to utilize relationship to explain a contention. Despite what might be expected if the other individual isn't obliging and exploits there is nothing returned in the arrangement procedure an exchange can be pleasing when no much significance is paid to the issue or when there are not contentions on one’s side of the table. This can regularly make issue if the result will be shared at it could show that other are exploiting your position. Contending resembles attempting to win and assume responsibility for the circumstance or thinks about an exchange as wining and loosing. There is no endeavor made on joint effort, or participation from others and whenever utilized frequently will free confidence in the end. A contending procedure can be during an arrangement if there is a crisis and a choice is up and coming. It could likewise be that one side is sure that they are correct and have all the supporting’s and the circumstance is heavily influenced by them Compromising exchange frequently attempts to discover something genial. This regularly brings about giving and taking with moderate fulfillment to the two gatherings. This could make issue while arrangement on innovative issue and could be utilized the cooperating s significant with constrained assets A decent arrangement is regularly considered as a bottleneck and any coordinated effort is considered as compelling something on. Working together is progressively a critical thinking style of arranging. They are creative who consider win-win circumstance and thing of extending the pie. Issues and r elationship are both given significance alongside being agreeable and imaginative. All worries are all around tended to and thus won't have the option to practice if time span is excessively short. It is likewise not appropriate the issues are trifling or no much planning or practicing time. An exchange can likewise be diverse when arrangement for yourself or for other people. At the point when exchange for yourself you regularly will in general arrange what is generally valuable to your while then again when exchange for an outsider there is frequently an individual addition side that is taken a gander at particularly is situations where haggling for a property through a realtor. Anyway an outsider arbitrator can carry with him heaps of experience that could likewise be extremely valuable and will aid an arrangement procedure. Subsequently for an exchange it is imperative to comprehend one own style and to decide different people style too. This will maintain a strategic distance from terrible amazements during an arrangement. furthermore, will aid the viable arrangement of BATNA and reservation focuses We would thus be able to comprehend that the procedure of exchange is consistent and should be continually improved. It is a procedure that should be comprehended and required to be arranged and checked utilizing different systems and assets. As a feature of nonstop improvement it is critical to make a procedure, train all members to follow and screen the procedure. This procedure can be improved by taking in and summing up from reflection after an arrangement. It is additionally critical to consider that each exchange must have an arrangement procedure where objectives and desire are explained. A reasonable BATNA must be characterized which everybody in the group is very much aware off. Any brilliant proposals should be perceived and reasonably remunerated. Build up a procedure that works best for oneself and use it to assess what works best and ability to follow the procedure. Furthermore, the most imperative to recollect that all exchanges can't be won and not to be surrender since we can't accomplish what we saw. The most effective method to refer to Introduction to Negotiation, Essay models Prologue to Negotiation Free Essays Prologue to Negotiation is and action that each individual caries out in his regular day to day existence. We are continually arrangement with ourselves, our family, companions, business, and so forth. Each movement that happens is the consequence of an arrangement †â€Å"Pros and Cons†. We will compose a custom article test on Prologue to Negotiation or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now What's more, hence exchange can be characterized as; â€Å"The implies by which individuals manage their differences† Negotiation is a constant and an advancing procedure particularly in a gracefully chain condition. An organization can't meet the desire for its clients or investors courageous and along these lines there is part of arrangement is included and it is a constant procedure. It is a procedure that rises when there is a distinction and it cann

The importance of digital technology in life

The significance of advanced innovation throughout everyday life Our time has come to see the essential significance of computerized innovation in our every day lives. It permits us to open an immense assortment of data and correspondence information. Every sort of assignment, be it a standard errand or a vocation explicit undertaking requires computerized capability or education. Advanced education can be characterized as the capacity to utilize computerized innovation, specialized instruments, and additionally systems to get to, oversee, incorporate, assess, and make data so as to work in an information society (Lemke, 2003). The execution of an effective methodology for the progression of computerized education abilities is known to incorporate different segments that tackle obstacles for express socioeconomics, for example, demeanor, age, socio㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ economic status, language, and territorial accessibility of assets. So as to increment advanced education levels systems must be focused on and actualized, where vital for explicit populac es and circumstances keeping a record of various snags. As indicated by (Castells, 2009) there is an innovative change with the expanding utilization of web get to. Along these lines, innovation changes the mode or stage wherein we chat and procedure information. A considerable development in execution of data and correspondences requires improvement in personal satisfaction and advancement by planning individuals for an information society. As said by (Castells 2009, pg 21) systems show quality in their adaptability, versatility and ability to self design. Accordingly organizing is here to dwell and training has no other option however grasp it. In this article the essential spotlight is on the need to create countries computerized abilities at all levels as it is bit by bit getting significant in the current time frame where innovation and its advantages are getting progressively modern and unavoidable. By fundamentally talking about in the case of building up the countries comput erized aptitudes at all levels helps in accomplishing decency instead of enhancing it within the sight of different imbalances? The Digital Britain report sets out an activity intend to contribute its maximum capacity to make sure about UKs place as one of the universes first advanced information economies which is fundamentally subject to having enough individuals with the precise abilities in the specific spot at the exact time by applying new innovations; further collecting a high class of experts and guaranteeing Britains future flourishing. The issue isn't just of money related intensity, yet additionally of decency which is characterized as guaranteeing that all approach the substance, administrations and abilities to contribute and associate adequately to the advanced economy and the advantages are accessible to all. There is a gigantic scope of administrations conveyed on the web while additionally an unsafe danger to the individuals who need or battle to get to innovation. Viviane Reding, EU Commissioner for Information Society and Media (November 2007) accepts that It is neither ethically worthy nor monetarily practical to desert a huge number of individuals, unfit to utilize data and correspondences innovations to further their potential benefit. Anyway it is of highest significance to change the lives of the individuals who are prohibited so as to maintain a strategic distance from the significant pieces of our general public being denied and enduringly linger behind. However, the issues about advanced prohibition widen far away than guaranteeing access to web but with the expanding job of the web in day by day life, an investigation of using the open doors offered by the web is of central importance. To fundamentally examine the activities taken by The Digital Britain report in accordance with creating countries advanced aptitudes; it is required to comprehend and talk about for what reason ought to there be an earnestness to expand on the countries abilities, what computerized abilities are at present being conveyed, how these are prepared, how is it ensured that nobody passes up a great opportunity and ultimately to what degree the commitment of web get to is helping the general public to improve the current imbalances? In this paper, we will talk about and contend the responses to these inquiries to help us in understanding the connection between advanced incorporation, computerized aptitudes and media proficiency. The exposition will initially banter about the chance to guarantee that nobody is kept from access to broadband followed by raising the point about connecting with the general public to utilize and comprehend the advanced media lastly, giving them the ability to cre ate and secure the important computerized aptitudes to include themselves in the advanced economy with certainty and backing. At whatever point we talk about structure the countries abilities, the main thing which strikes a chord is the need to slant towards computerized economy. In todays changing business situation the vast majority of the positions publicized by the enrollment specialists require probably some sort of IT-client ability. In the year 2009 around 92% occupations expected candidates to hold both general (equipment and programming abilities) and explicit application aptitudes, (for example, databases, and spreadsheets) specifically. For Britain to expand its intensity in the worldwide economy of 21st century, it requires to make mindfulness among individuals to grasp the advanced innovation for a sheltered hypothesis of a data upheaval that can change all aspects of their lives. In this manner the legislature has taken different motivated activities to teach everybody with a dream to shape a more promising time to come for Britain. Discussing UKs present scene according to national insights, the quantity of grown-ups who have never gotten to web in 2010 is about 9.2 million. The National Digital Participation Plan as a team with Digital Britain Report has set a decided point of lessening the quantity of non-web clients in the nation by 60% by 2014 by defeating the three boundaries to computerized consideration accessibility, reasonableness and ability. For this, the UKs government is resolved to disseminate broadband administrations all around up to 2Mb/s by 2012 which is a critical advance to guarantee a greater amount of everybody in the UK will have a chance to access to the web. The Race Online for 2012 program in the UK challenges administrative and non㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ governmental partners to work all things considered to help the denied gatherings to upgrade advanced proficiency abilities making it moderate for them. As per (HM Government, Nov 2009) The best utilization of computerized innovation, either l egitimately or by implication to improve the lives and life odds everything being equal, especially the most denied, and the spots wherein they live. Consequently, the different proposition by Race online 2012, Digital Charter, Digital Champion and master Taskforce are considered to find a way to arrive at the following level for framing a completely carefully drew in the public arena which supports greatness and reasonableness. Over ongoing years the legislature has upgraded its comprehension of social prohibition through examination of accomplice considers and longitudinal studies. Data has gotten one of the main contributions to budgetary strategies, and data and (ICT) consistently got imperative for the ability of ventures, networks and people to contribute viably in the worldwide economy (Hollifield and Donnermeyer, 2003). When astutely applied, ICTs prescribe possibilities by means of system impacts to limit social and financial imbalances and to continue inventive market access in administrations and bolster riches creation. The premise of imbalances in web access and use are as often as possible indicated back to use factors (cost of innovation, absence of data, capacity or operational aptitudes) and mental components (apprehension about utilizing innovation or hesitance to take a stab at something new) (Van Dijk and Hacker, 2003). There is a urgent need to handle the trouble of the specific people and networks who may have absence of information, the assets, or the capacity to accomplish a proportional chance to contribute in the public arena and financi al life. For the ones working in increasingly distraught networks, and who see the effect of innovation on people groups every day lives, the relations among computerized and social correspondence are seen no doubt. In any case, it is contended that the spotlight ought to be on organizing the business case for advanced incorporation quantitatively and subjectively. As indicated by Castells in spite of the globes expanding interconnectivity there are a few people that are very engaged with a worldwide systems and others remain chiefly rejected. Consequently the examination of universal advanced procedures and European Union activities records key worldwide approach objectives: computerized balance, availability for all, proficiency and advanced capability, innovation to improve and innovation for incorporation so as to increase better comprehension of the requirements and issues and by conveying moderate administrations to draw in people with the web sources in an alluring manner. Subsequently this clarifies how different universal approach objectives encourages people to defeat different mental components like uneasiness and absence of enthusiasm by accustoming them to the accessible innovation. As indicated by (Reaching Out: Action Plan on Social Exclusion, September 2006) It is conceivable to stretch out chance to the least advantaged with the goal that they appreciate a greater amount of the decisions, possibilities and force that the remainder of society underestimates. Ofcom assumes a basic job in advancing media education and perseveres to work with partners thusly to: offer individuals the chance and motivation to create capability and self-assurance to partake in correspondences innovation and computerized society; and refresh and permit individuals to deal with their own media movement (both utilization and creation). This contention lines up and concurs with the announcement made by Selwyn (2002) about the hugeness of considering the different assortment of exercises which are related to web (use movement, speculations action, producing action, political action and social action). Accor

The Importance of Trading Psychology and Discipline

The Importance of Trading Psychology and Discipline Trading in the financial markets is a highly technical activity. To become successful as a trader, you need good understanding of the financial markets and how they work, you need a good understanding of the companies you trade in, you need the technical expertise to analyze market trends, as well as a great understanding of the factors that move the market.Still, even with all these technical skills, it is impossible to become a successful trader if you lack one key attribute â€" the trading psychology.The trading psychology is basically the right mindset and the ability to think on your feet, remain disciplined and exercise control over your emotions even when the market is going against your expectations.Wondering why I term trading psychology as the most important attribute of a successful trader?Consider the scenario below.A trader is watching the markets waiting for the right moment to get involved. Naturally, our trader is afraid of losing money, so it is understandable that h e is acting a bit cautiously.He waits for a better support line before getting into a trade, but then he misses the entry and the markets take off without him. Nothing to worry about though.He decides to wait a bit and catch the next wave, but because he is afraid of taking risks, he misses the next entry as well. This happens a number of times.While this is happening, our trader is talking to other trader friends and interacting with other traders in various online forums and groups.All the other traders are talking about the great profits they have made in the last couple of weeks, yet our trader has not entered a single trade.The fear of taking risks starts turning into greed. He starts feeling like he is missing out on all the profits others are making, and he starts feeling anxious and kind of frustrated, even if he has not lost any money.To avoid continuing missing out while others are making money, our trader decides to take a risk next time.Driven by greed, he throws all cau tion to the wind and jumps onto what seems to be a promising trend without conducting due diligence.Unfortunately, the markets turn around.Before, he wasn’t losing any money, but now he is, and instead of taking a loss, he decides to hold onto the trade in the hope that the markets will turn around and allow him to recoup the money he has just lost.Unfortunately, the trend continues, and he loses more money. The frustration of losing turns into anger, and he starts thinking of how to recoup all his money.Assuming that the markets cannot go any lower, he decides to put more money into the trade at this point so that he can cancel out his losses and make a tidy profit, because surely, there is no way the prices will keep falling.But as any successful trader knows, the markets are not rational, so the downward trend continues, and our trader ends up losing all his money.Depending on how much money he lost, our trader might even get into depression.The above is a great illustration of how allowing emotions to run amok can make you lose your better judgment and impact your success as a trader.Every successful trader knows that the markets are constantly testing traders, and anyone without the right psychological mindset and the ability to control his emotions will have a hard time making the right decisions.Aside from having the right mindset, traders also need the discipline to stick to their trading plans and strategies regardless of what the market throws at them. The above illustration is just one example of how your psychology can affect your trades.Below are several other trading issues that are usually caused by a trader’s psychology.Not taking loss: The typical reason behind this is usually that the trader is afraid of failure, which puts his ego at stake.Exiting trades too early: This is usually caused by the trader’s need for instant gratification. The trader is anxious and fearful that the position might reverse, so he decides to close the position to relieve the anxiety.Averaging down: This refers to situations where the trader is unwilling to admit that their trade is wrong. Hoping that the trade will come back, the trader adds onto the losing position. This is also caused by the trader’s ego.Wishing and hoping: This manifests itself when traders execute trades based on their hopes and wishes, rather than following the market situation.Compulsive trading: This happens when a trader gets addicted to trading, in similar fashion to how gamblers get addicted to gambling.Feeling invincible: After a series of winning trades, some traders might feel like they are invincible and in control of the markets. This often leads to risky trades.Second guessing your signals: This is often caused by the fear of failure and the fear of being wrong. Traders who second guess their signals usually have a hard time accepting that loss is a natural part of trading.Trading a large position size: This is often caused by the disillusionment that a trade can only turn out to be profitable, as well as poor risk management.Excessive trading: This is caused by greed, and a need to conquer the market. It can also be caused by anger, when a trader is trying to make up for previous losses.Being afraid to enter positions: This is usually caused by fear of failure, risk averseness, need for control fear of being ridiculed, or lack of a trading system.There are many more trading issues that are caused by the trader’s psychology, but these are by far the most common.When going through the above situations, you might have noticed that majority of psychology related issues are usually caused by three emotions â€" fear, greed and anger.These three emotions play a very significant role in a trader’s psychology, and any successful trader must learn how to put them in check.Let’s take a look at how these emotions might affect your trade.FEARFear is a natural human reaction to anything perceived as a threat â€" in the case of trading, t he threat is the possibility of losing money.The larger the potential loss, the bigger the amount of fear experienced. Fear during trading manifests itself in a number of ways.The most common manifestation of fear is being too afraid to get involved.Like our trader from the example up above, your fear of losing money makes you too cautious, and as a result, you end up missing all your entries.While being cautious is an important trait, being overly cautious to the extent of missing all your entries turns into a disadvantage, because you are not going to make any money in the market unless you actually get into trades.Sometimes, the fear might come when you have already entered a position.Some breaking news about the stock you are trading or the general market might cause a temporary movement in the market.In such situations, a fearful trader might be compelled to exit the position before their preplanned exit to avoid losing money.While such a fear-driven exit will help you avoid ce rtain loss, it also prevents you from making gains once the market recovers from the temporary volatility caused by the news.Alternatively, someone might exit a position early because they are afraid of holding a position for more than a day.The first key to overcoming fear as a trader is to understand that losing is a natural part of trading.It is impossible to trade without losing. Even the most successful traders experience losses from time to time.You can think of loss as the cost of doing the trading business.Once you understand that losing is a natural part of trading, your perspective changes from being afraid of loss to trying to manage your losses.One of the best ways to overcome fear by managing loss is to have a trading strategy. If you trade without a strategy, you are more likely to be swayed by your emotions.Having a strategy, on the other hand, keeps you grounded even when the markets seem to be going against you.For instance, if your strategy wins 70% of the time, yo u will be expecting a few losses here and there.Therefore, having one or two losing trades will not cripple you with fear, because you will be comfortable with such losses.Another way to overcome your fear is to start slowly and gradually build your trading experience. Instead of leaping into the waters hoping to make big bucks, start with stocks that have slow and small movements, and only trade small position sizes.As you get continue trading, you will gain a better understanding of the markets and what to expect, which will make you less fearful once you decide to start taking bigger and bigger risks.GREEDGreed is the opposite of fear.Whereas fear keeps you from trading or causes you to exit out of positions early because so as to avoid loss, greed pushes you into risky trades and causes you to hold positions for longer than you planned to with the hope of making huge gains.Greed is often caused by the fear of missing out (FOMO). This usually happens in one of two ways. The first one is where you see other people making huge gains in the market while you haven’t made any significant gains.In order not to miss out on the gains others are making, you abandon your trading strategy and enter trades at the wrong time.Alternatively, FOMO might also come into play when the market exceeds your expectations.A trend continues beyond your planned take profit levels, and instead of taking profit, you discard your strategy and continue holding the position because you are afraid of leaving more profits on the table.Unfortunately, if the markets reverse, all the gains you had made can easily get wiped out in a matter of seconds.As a trader, overcoming greed can be quite challenging, because it is often caused by the drive to do a little better or make slightly bigger gains.However, there are two main approaches to overcoming greed.The first one is to stop concerning yourself with what your friends and other traders are doing or the huge gains they are making.As a trade r, all your focus should be on your own trades and your own results.You should be driven by the desire to improve your trading strategy, rather than the desire to make what others are making.The second one is to have the discipline to stick to your plan.When coming up with a trade plan, there are no emotions involved. Instead, most traders come up with a trade plan based on a careful and rational analysis of the market.While it is definitely tempting to put aside the plan when things seem to be going well for you, if you want to become a successful trader, your best bet is to stick to the plan, learn what you can from the experience of leaving money on the table, and then put that new knowledge into consideration when coming up with a plan for your next trade.This way, you will gradually improve your trading strategy while at the same time learning to overcome your greed.ANGERThis emotion rears up its ugly head when you have been unable to control the other two emotions, resulting i n your trades going against your expectations. You start feeling frustrated.Anger is almost always targeted at something or someone â€" in this case, anger is usually targeted at the market. In a bid to get back at the market, angry traders will often find themselves engaging in revenge trading.For instance, let us assume that a trader is in a winning trade that has already reached the trader’s planned take profit point.However, due to inability to control his greed, instead of taking profit, the trader decides to continue holding the trade in the hopes of hitting a home run.Unfortunately, the market reverses and all his gains are wiped out.At this point, he is back to where he started. While the gains he had initially made have been wiped out, he still hasn’t made any loss.The thought of all the gains he had and failed to take, however, makes him angry and frustrated.Instead of closing the trade at this point, he might decide to wait for the market to reverse again so that he c an at least close with a slight profit.Unfortunately, this doesn’t happen, and his trade now goes into loss.Some traders might get off at this point, while others might even average down in the hope of recouping their losses, which will most likely lead to even greater losses.The key to preventing anger is to stick to your plan. Not only does this give you control over the other two emotions that lead to anger when they spin out of control, it also prevents you from making a mistake such as averaging down.HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR TRADING PSYCHOLOGY AND DISCIPLINEMost novice traders like to think that they are rational beings who will trade solely based on data and facts. As we have already seen, however, this is rarely the case.Unless you are not human, emotions will always come in and try to cloud your better judgment.The key to becoming a successful trader is to improve your trading psychology and discipline so that you can minimize the effect of emotions on your trading.Below, we ta ke a look at tips that will help you improve your trading psychology and discipline.Always Have a PlanIf you want to generate money through trading, you should treat it like a business.Would you invest your capital in a bakery, restaurant, or any other traditional business without a business plan? Probably not. Why then do people get into trading without a plan?If you want to make money with trading and avoid the psychological crunch that comes once the market decides to test you, you should go into every trade with a plan on how you intend to make money.Before getting into the trade, determine your entry point, determine your risk-reward tolerance, and determine how you will exit the trade â€" either through a predetermined profit target or a stop loss.Having a plan not only increases your chances of making money, it also gives you something to fall back on when things start going awry and your emotions start trying to influence your trade.However, having a plan is not all. You als o need to have the discipline to stick to your plan.A plan is absolutely useless if you are not going to follow it.Many are the traders who start with a plan only to abandon it when their emotions get into the picture.Therefore, you should make a commitment to yourself that you will stick to your plan no matter what happens in the market.This is one of the best ways of strengthening your trading mentality.Be Prepared to LoseRegardless of how good you are and how much analysis you have done, you can never be 100% certain how the trade will go.Therefore, as much as you want your every trade to be a winning trade, you should be prepared to lose.Before getting into the trade, take a moment to think about everything that could go wrong. Doing this has two advantages.First, thinking of all possible ways the trade could go wrong allows you to come up with a detailed plan on what to do in case this happens.Therefore, instead of having knee-jerk reactions when things don’t go as expected, you will already have thought about what to do in such cases.For instance, if the market is on an upward trend, before getting in, you should think about what point you will cut your losses in case the market reverses just after you enter a position.Second, thinking about losing gives you the opportunity to consider how it might feel in case your trade turns out to be a loser.This way, if the trade goes awry, your emotions won’t catch you unawares.Instead, you will already know what emotions to expect and will be better prepared to keep these emotions in check.Research Continuously to Increase Your Knowledge BaseConstantly increasing your knowledge is one of the best ways of improving your trading psychology.The more you know about the markets and their behavior, the better you will become at making decisions and navigating any curve balls that the markets might throw your way.When faced with a situation you have never experienced before, you are more likely to react to it calmly if you had read about it the week before.On the other hand, a trader realizing for the first time that such situations exist when there money is at stake is more likely to react with panic.Practice ContinuouslyThe popular saying that practice makes perfect is popular because it is true.No matter how much research you do, you are unlikely to learn everything about the market by research alone.The only way to learn about the market and what to expect from it is to trade and learn by yourself.In addition, practicing allows you to try what you have learnt. Think of it like riding a bicycle.No matter how much you read about riding a bicycle, the only way to learn to actually ride is to get on a bicycle and give it a try.Similarly, regardless of how much research you do, the only way to actually improve your trading psychology is to put what you learn into practice.Fortunately, many trading platforms and brokers provide demo accounts that allow you to practice without risking real money.W RAPPING UPWhile having the technical knowhow of trading is important, your trading psychology and discipline is equally important.Regardless of how much you plan and perform market analysis, not having control over emotions such as fear, greed and anger can easily lead you to abandon your trading plan and make poor decisions.This is why developing the right trading psychology and discipline is very critical to your success as a trader.Fortunately, you now know how the mental aspect of trading affects your career as a trader, and what to do in order to develop the right trading psychology.

Informed Consent - 2410 Words

Mark A. Puno Instructor: Craig Bartholomaus English 102 27 March 2013 Informed Consent What is an informed consent? What do we know about it? Where did it come from? What purpose does it serves? These days, there is a variance in what informed consent means. Its definition depends on what specific manner it accentuates in accordance with the pertinent setting of application. The American Medical Association (AMA) has definitions on a clinical setting and on the field of research. However it is defined, informed consent was the product of a period of work and experience. Informed consent is the cornerstone of human subject research protection. (Rowbotham et al.) The principles of informed†¦show more content†¦HeLa cells are considered the first immortal human cells ever grown in culture – they divide indefinitely and that is what sets them apart from other cell lines. HeLa cells have been used in various important medical research, i.e. cancer research, culturing and growing cells, cloning, gene mapping, and development of vaccines. The most recognized vaccine created is the polio vaccine. HeLa cells also helped found or create the field of Virology – the study of viruses. However, Henrietta Lacks’ and her HeLa cells story is far more about her contribution to medical research, it was about the unethical process of the collection of her tissue sample and what came after it. Rebecca Skloot had written a best-selling book about her life story and her cells. (Skloot) With human health experiments steadily exposed people to conditions beyond the boundaries of medical evidence, the United States Congress passed the National Research Act in 1974. The National Research Act then created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Among the Commission’s most significant work was the formulation of the Belmont Report and the Institutional Review Report. The Belmont Report is one of the primary report in health care research and ethics. The report comprises of three (3) basic ethical principles; which are justice, respect for persons,Show MoreRelatedInformed Consent1247 Words   |  5 PagesLAW AND ETHICS | IS INFORMED CONSENT AN ABSTRACT CONCEPT IN HEALTH TODAY? | | This essay will focus on both negative and positive attributes on ‘Is informed consent an abstract concept in health today’. 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Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatmentRead MoreConfidentiality and Informed Consent1060 Words   |  5 PagesConfidentiality and Informed Consent Claudia Lewis PSY/305 6/29/15 Dr. Daniel Williams Jr, PsyD, MSW Confidentiality and Informed Consent Introduction Dear client this paper is to inform you, of your right to confidentiality, and further more explain the process of informed consent. In the world of Psychology and counseling, confidentiality and informed consent has been the cornerstone to our practices (University of Phoenix, 1994). 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In the research context, this normally requires that participation be the result of a choice made by the participants† (NHMR, 2007, p.3).   Freegard 2012 (p.60), states that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"respecting the rights of others,† includes a responsibility for Health professionals â€Å"to let others know about their rights† and that this forms the basisRead MoreDilemma Of Informed Consent1592 Words   |  7 Pagesremain unknown because informed consent was not previously required.   Ã‚  The main dilemma between informed consent and scientists lies within the ethics and practicality of research on tissue removed from a patient’s body for surgical purposes.   Ã‚  Meanwhile, the tissues are studied in labs across the country.   In recent years, the HeLa cell line and the cells backstory have precipitated outrage towards how the tissue was obtained, managed, a nd the inadequacy of informed consent from Henrietta Lacks andRead MoreElements Of Informed Consent878 Words   |  4 PagesInformed consent Documentation There was no informed consent given to the participants to be part of the dataset. It is evidence that Kirkegard and Bjerrekaer’s did not meet the 6 subsections under Part B of informed consent: (1 2) elements of informed consent, (3 4) of IRB approval of consent procedure, (5) not to preempt federal and local laws, and (6) not to limit physicians’ care. As the researchers did not find it necessary to inform OKCupid users, no consent was obtained, nor the useRead More Informed Consent in Healthcare1819 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the patient) to shared decision making where the patient is considered an equal partner in his/her own health related decisions. Informed consent is the cornerstone for this view. When a patient or a research subject makes an autonomous decision after understanding, the risks and benefits involved with the decision is Informed consent. Complete Informed consent covers the following components: competency, disclosure, comprehension and voluntary. Competency refers to the requirement for the individualRead MoreInformed Consent For Psychotherapy Consultation Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesInformed Consent for Psychotherapy Consultation This form provides you, the client, with information that is additional to that detailed in the Notice of Privacy Practices and it is subject to HIPAA preemptive analysis. Therapy is a relationship that works in part because of clearly defined rights and responsibilities held by both the client and the therapist. This understanding helps to create the safety to take risks and the support to become empowered to change. As a client in psychotherapy

Legal Decision Making And Parenting Time Mediation ...

There are countless examples in the media (fictional and in the tabloids) that present divorce as an ugly battle where nothing is under the belt and EVERYTHING is up for grabs. It leaves a lot of unhappy married couples terrified to take the next step by filing for divorce. In reality, divorce cases can be very difficult, but they don’t have to be. In fact, many who are considering divorce are turning to mediation in order to minimize the conflict associated with the process. Mediation can be particularly useful in cases where a couple is having difficulty agreeing upon a parenting plan that works for everyone. If you are a divorcing parent and you want to work out a co-parenting plan, but haven’t been able to come to an agreement with your soon to be ex, consider arranging for mediation. Preparing for Legal Decision Making and Parenting Time Mediation: Creating a Parenting Plan 1. Put together a history of the relationship between you and your ex. Start when you met, include major milestones or â€Å"changes† in the relationship, i.e. when you moved in together, when you got married, when you separated, times during which you attended marriage counseling, etc. These are all questions that the mediator will ask in order to get an idea of who you are. It is also a good way for the mediator to find out if both of you remember the same things and have the same understanding of the relationship. It’s good to review the details beforehand. 2. Next start a history of parenting.Show MoreRelatedPositive Effects of Single Parenting2616 Words   |  11 PagesEffects of Single Parenting Concepts Every Single Parent Needs to Keep in Mind By Jennifer Wolf, About.com Guide See More About: †¢ effects of single parenting †¢ coping strategies †¢ divorce and children †¢ effective parenting You might not often think of being a single parent family as a bonus for your kids. 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To Kill a Mockingbird Part 1 Chapter Summaries Free Essays

Harper Lee; To Kill A Mockingbird CHAPTER SUMMARIES Part 1 Chapter 1 The story is narrated by a young girl named Jean Louise Finch, who is almost always called by her nickname, Scout. Scout describes her family’s history and her town, Maycomb. She and her brother, Jem, are also introduced to Dill, and the children share their stories and imaginations about the man next door. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Part 1 Chapter Summaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chapter 2 September arrives, and Dill leaves Maycomb to return home. Meanwhile, Scout goes to school for the first time, of which she has been eagerly waiting for. However, it does not go as well as she had expected†¦. Chapter 3 Walter Cunningham comes to lunch with the Finches and Scout learns a lesson in manners from Calpurnia and a lesson of compromise from Atticus. Back at school, Miss Caroline discovers what a ‘cootie’ is. Chapter 4 The rest of the school year passes grimly for Scout as she does not like the slow curriculum. After school one day, Scout and Jem find some mysterious presents in the knothole of an old oak tree on the Radley property. Dill returns, and the kids play a new game. Chapter 5 Jem and Dill grow closer, and Scout begins to feel left out of their friendship. As a result, she starts spending time with one of their neighbors: Miss Maudie Atkinson. And the children’s fascination with Boo Radley continues. Chapter 6 On Dill’s last night, the three kids venture out to try and see into Boo Radley’s back window. This adventure leads to terrifying results, especially for Jem. The kids are forced to lie when the neighbourhood hears the commotion. Chapter 7 A few days after the kids adventure, Jem finally tells Scout what actually happened to him that night and as the summer comes to a close, Scout and Jem find more presents in the Radley tree, but their reward is suddenly cut off by Mr. Radley. Chapter 8 Winter comes quickly, bringing a rare snowstorm to Maycomb. Miss Maudie’s house is ruined in a fire and whilst the neighbourhood is helping, Jem and Scout are asked to stay put by the Radley place where scout has a rare encounter with Boo without even knowing it. Chapter 9 Scout runs into trouble with both a classmate and a cousin when the two boys taunt her about her father, whom they call a â€Å"nigger lover. † Atticus explains to Scout that he will be defending a black man named Tom Robinson. Chapter 10 Scout had previously thought that Atticus was too old to do anything. However discovers that he does actually possess some talents, when he is asked to shoot a sick dog with one shot of a rifle and gets it, this amazed Scout and Jem. Chapter 11 Jem and Scout learn more about their neighbour Mrs. Dubose, Jem in more ways than one as he is asked to read to Mrs. Dubose every afternoon as a punishment. About a month after jem had completed this, Mrs. Dubose died of a morphine addiction. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Part 1 Chapter Summaries, Papers

Network Admin Cover Letter free essay sample

I have attached a resume outlining my qualifications. Some of my key strengths include: ? Established skill in detecting critical support-related deficiencies and developing preventive strategies and solutions for avoiding interruptions, increasing productivity, and improving access to crucial information. ?In-depth knowledge of the specialized tools, devices, and procedures used to successfully diagnose and troubleshoot a broad spectrum of hardware products and software applications. Exceptional capacity to enter new environments and begin to produce clear-cut results right from the start with well-developed technical and communication skills that are easily transported between different business organizations and variable working environments. ?A history of making constructive things happen by having an ownership mentality to opportunities combined with the ability to think creatively and function outside traditional parameters in order to drive crucial projects and achieve results. Capable of successfully implementing large-scale technical support solutions that entail the innovative design and development of broad-based helpdesk operations and complex IT management strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Admin Cover Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would appreciate a personal interview to discuss the ways in which I could assist you in achieving your goals. I will call your office next week concerning any questions you may have and to arrange a meeting. Of course, you may contact me directly at any time. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely,

Definition of Work in Physics

Definition of Work in Physics In  physics, work is defined as a  force  causing the movement- or displacement- of an object. In the case of a constant force, work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement caused by that force. Though both force and displacement are vector quantities, work has no direction due to the nature of a scalar product (or dot product) in vector mathematics. This definition is consistent with the proper definition because a constant force integrates to merely the product of the force and distance. Read on to learn some real-life examples of work as well as how to calculate the amount of work being performed. Examples of Work There are many examples of work in everyday life.  The Physics Classroom  notes a few: a horse pulling a plow through the field; a father pushing a grocery cart down the aisle of a grocery store; a student lifting a backpack full of books upon her shoulder; a weightlifter lifting a barbell above his head; and an Olympian launching the shot-put. In general, for work to occur, a  force has to be exerted on an object causing it to move. So, a frustrated person pushing against a wall, only to exhaust himself, is not doing any work because the wall does not move. But, a book falling off a table and hitting the ground would be considered work, at least in terms of physics, because a force (gravity) acts on the book causing it to be displaced in a downward direction. Whats Not Work Interestingly, a waiter carrying a tray high above his head, supported by one arm, as he walks at a steady pace across a room, might think hes working hard. (He might even be perspiring.) But, by definition, he is not doing  any  work. True, the waiter is using force to push the tray above his head, and also true, the tray is moving across the room as the waiter walks. But, the force- the waiters lifting of the tray- does not cause the tray to move. To cause a displacement, there must be a component of force in the direction of the displacement, notes The Physics Classroom. Calculating Work The basic calculation of work is actually quite simple: W Fd Here, W stands for work, F is the force, and d represents displacement (or the distance the object travels).  Physics for Kids  gives this example problem: A baseball player throws a ball with a force of 10 Newtons. The ball travels 20 meters. What is the total work? To solve it, you first need to know that a Newton is  defined as the force necessary to provide a mass of 1  kilogram (2.2 pounds)  with an acceleration of 1  meter (1.1 yards) per second. A Newton  is generally abbreviated as N. So, use the formula: W Fd Thus: W 10 N * 20 meters (where the symbol * represents times) So: Work 200 joules A  joule,  a term used in physics, is equal to the  kinetic energy  of 1 kilogram moving  at 1 meter per second.

Spanish Phrases Meaning Unless

Spanish Phrases Meaning Unless A menos que and a no ser que are two of the most common ways in Spanish to express the idea behind the English conjunction unless. Because the verb following either one of these phrases refers to something that hasnt happened yet and may never happen, it typically is in the subjunctive mood. In a sense, these phrases are used in making negative conditions, or the opposite of si or if. In other words, these phrases are used to indicate that if a certain event (the one specified by a verb in the subjunctive mood) does not occur, then another event (using a verb in the indicative mood) will (or would, if the conditional tense is used). Here are some examples using a menos que: A menos que tengas pasià ³n en lo que haces, no vas a ser feliz. Unless you have passion about what youre doing, youre not going to be happy. No aprobars a menos que estudies mucho. You wont pass unless you study a lot. A menos que el mundo despierte, la humanidad no tiene futuro. Unless the world wakes up, humanity doesnt have a future. Generalmente no tengo problema a menos que coma alguna comida picante. Generally I dont have a problem unless I eat spicy food. A menos que estuviera muy enojado, llorarà ­a. Unless I were very angry, I would cry. No podemos tener salud a menos que bebamos unos ocho vasos de agua al dà ­a. We cant be healthy unless we drink some eight glasses of water a day. A no ser que is used in the same way and is nearly always interchangeable with a menos que: Va a ser difà ­cil, a no ser que nieve bastante. Its going to be difficult, unless it snows enough. La vida no es buena a no ser que uno tenga dinero. Life isnt good unless one has money. No tendremos à ©xito a no ser que tengamos una visià ³n global. We wont have success unless we have a global vision. La vida no es aceptable a no ser que el cuerpo y el espà ­ritu vivan en armonà ­a. Life isnt acceptable unless the body and spirit live in harmony. These phrases can also be used along with commands instead of a verb in the indicative in the independent clause: No lo haga a menos que comprenda todos los riesgos. Dont do it unless you understand all the risks. Cà ³mpralo, a no ser que tengas dudas. Buy it, unless you have doubts. Spanish also has several other less common phrases that have much the same meaning, as shown in boldface in the sentences below: Un cuerpo permanecer en un estado de reposo o de movimiento uniforme, a menos de que una fuerza externa actà ºe sobre à ©l. A body will remain in a state of rest or steady motion, unless an external force acts on it. Se recomienda no utilizarlo a reserva de que sea claramente necesario. Using it is not recommended unless it is clearly necessary. De no ser que lleves ya una dieta muy bien equilibrada, ser mejor que sigas estes consejos. Unless you follow a very balanced diet, it will be better if you follow this advice. Llegaremos a las nueve salvo que el autobà ºs se retrase. We will arrive at 9 unless the bus is late.

Orientalism and Race in Disney Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Orientalism and Race in Disney Movie - Essay Example Hall applies the term ideology to relate to those images, concepts, and premises which provide the frameworks through which we represent, interpret, understand, and make sense of some aspect of social existence (Hall, 271). He further alludes to the fact that argues the portrayal and perpetuation of race in the media, which is a key producer and transformer of ideologies, touches directly the problem of ideology. Hall established that ideologies result in various forms of social consciousness and as a result will always work best in circumstances where they formulate as well as construct their worldviews. According to Hall, the media constructs a definition of what race is for viewers, what meaning the imagery of race carries as well as how the problem of race should be understood. The media further divides the world in terms of categories of race and setting people apart based on their appearance and notions that have been socially developed over time. The media portrays two forms of racism which include overt racism and inferential racism. Overt racism is defined by the coverage granted to openly racist arguments, positions, or spokespersons while inferential racism relates to the apparently naturalized representations of events and situations relating to race irrespective of whether they are factual or fictional which have racist premises and propositions inscribed in them as a set of unquestioned assumptions. Writers pulling stances in their publication are high profiled writers with a wealth of media experience.

Master Project Specification Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master Project Specification - Coursework Example Outline of the Project Environment Most of the developing countries are in the preliminary phases of putting into operation the electronic government to get better public sector services. The same is the case with the Sultanate of Oman, has established Information Technology Authority (ITA) in 2006 in order to establish/implement the National information technology infrastructure through planning and executing IT projects. While, it must be ensured that these projects are aligned with Digital Oman Strategy and ITA Policy through close supervision of these projects. The ITA has a mandate to the people of Oman in ensuring secured information to its citizens. The Sultanate currently faces a number challenges in offering efficient and timely services. To solve this problem, the Sultanate of Oman is keen to integrate its processes in order to deliver services to its people in more efficient and effective manner. Therefore, it has been planned that the services or the business processes of the public sector organizations would be automated first before providing these services to the public. Therefore, our client ITA is initiating project titled â€Å"E-Enablement of Public Sector Organizations and Provision of Services to the People of Oman†. The E-Government initiative is an integral part of ITA’s approved ITA Policy and Digital Oman Strategy. The objectives of the E-Government Program are laid down: Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Government Increase Transparency and Accountability in decision making Enhance delivery of public services to Citizens efficiently and effectively In order to achieve these objectives, this IT project has been envisaged and would be executed. The current project focuses on the above objectives in order to achieve satisfaction of public. To complement this, the current project includes the provision of enhanced IT infrastructure and support. This provision will help bringing improvements in the efficiency of pub lic sector offices. 2. Description of the Problem to be Solved and its Background: E-Government information has allowed effective communication between departments, employees and citizens coupled with better service delivery and responsiveness of governments. Nevertheless, the internet and mobile phone services have engendered a paradigm shift of how governments can deliver services effectively and efficiently. E-government and m-government services have popularized especially in the third world countries as a means of pacing up with the developed world. Various research studies have explored that how the government and the people of Sultanate of Oman have embraced e-government services.

The Us Is Murdering The Iraqis Essay -- essays research papers

The US is Murdering The Iraqis Each day we eat three meals a day, sometimes more. We listen to music, drive in our cars, or play on our high-tech computers. Some may pick up the newspaper, but other than those few words on the page, the American population is living a life of excess. Excess that is at the expense of other people's lives. The American people take pride in the capitalistic democracy that is a model for the other countries, but they forget to watch the government. They don't even know what their government is doing. For years now people on the street curse and wish death upon the Saddam Hussein. He has been given titles such as the devil's son because the media has told all of the horrible things he has done. The media has shown how he is killing his own people for power. The struggle for power is killing the people of Iraq, but it is not their own government who is fighting for this power, it is the only remaining world super power, the United States of America, fighting constantly to hold on to its domination. It is a ritual of the United States to stop any country from taking our power. The government will destroy any way of life that may take away from the policy of democratic promotion, for the US is the model of such a way of life. If that role was threatened then their power would be threatened. This is shown in the history Iraq and U.S. relations from 1972 on. In 1972, Iraq began to nationalize its oil; large amounts of money where now coming into the country. Saddam was using this money to help his people in a way no other country ever has. A free education system was set up for everyone in the country, from the equivalent of kindergarten to college or professional school. There was free housing for everyone. There was also a medical system that was free for Iraq people, while for non-citizens, it was about three dollars. This three dollars was for everything, from strepp throat to heart surgery. All of this improved the quality of life for the people of Iraq. The infant mortality d ecreased and people were living longer and better lives. Saddam oversaw all of this and his people loved him. But the United States government felt that Saddam and Iraq were growing too powerful in the sensitive Middle East region, and thus began a series of attempts to weaken their power. 1972 is when the U.S. put Iraq on the list of terrorist nations. T... ...ty, behind all the highly confidential, top secret files, they plan to trap these countries under their control while furthering their own power and well being. Children and people of all ages are dying at this moment in Iraq, so that we, the people in America, can live a life of abundant materialism. This is just one country in the world, there are sure to be others in the past, present and the time to come, that will suffer and die at the mercy of the United States of America. Yet people are too concerned with the trivial things of their daily life to take interest in the government that is killing people and destroying cultures. The United States of America is supposed to have the government of the people, so unless we, the people do something, we will continue to be the murderers of innocent people. All of the information in this paper came from Father Harring. He had traveled to Iraq and is working with the Voices in the Wilderness organization to help the people in Iraq. He quit his job as a professor in Connecticutto work full time with the organization. He gave the speech on Iraq sanctions (because Father Gumbleton had been hospitalized and was still ill) in October 1999.

Perception of Depression amongst North American and African Cultures Essay

Depression or â€Å"Unipolar depression is another name for Major Depressive disorder. It is a mood disorder characterized by depressed mood, it often manifests in lack of interest in family, school and social life, changes in eating and sleeping habits, emotional and medical disregard for the self, difficulty in concentrating, and loss of interest in life† (Rush, 2007).   Just like any other pathological disease, it has risk factors, signs and symptoms, and a natural course. Like any other disease it can be treated with proper medical and psychological therapy. Yet it is not perceived as such by the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is remarkable lack of awareness about depression in the communities, in spite of the staggering statistics about the disorder. Unipolar depression affects 7-18% of the American population at least once before the age of 40 (Kassler, McGonagle & Zhao, 1994). In the United States alone, the number of females are reported to be suffering from clinical depression (Murray, 1997). It has also been observed that 2.5 percent of children and 8.3 percent of adolescents are depressed at any given time. These rates are considerably higher than the figure of the past decades (Depression Statistics Information, Internet). Yet, it has been found that only 20 percent of depressed people undergo medical treatment (Depression Statistics Information). This is caused by numerous reasons with ignorance or lack of concern and awareness about the disorder considered as the biggest suspect.   In fact, a United States surgeon general report   in the Hispanic community states that less than 10 percent of the mentally ill people will ever approach a mental clinic (U.S. Department of Health, 2000). This is possibly the result of lack of concern on their part, or due to the fact that in the Hispanic community’s, non-medical methods of   treatment for the depressed. It is imperative that we find out whether other communities also show a similar of lack of awareness and concern about depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social Science & medicine attempts to find cultural differences in the conceptual models of depression by an interviewed with North American immigrants and African Americans (Karasz, 2005) . His study demonstrated that Americans were more of the view that depression was a pathological disease of the body just like any other disease and required medical therapy. According to the author, the people from the African community were more likely to explain depression in terms of a social and moral problems and conformed to the belief that self management was the right way to deal with the issue of depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Different communities have different perceptions about the disease, people of certain cultures prefer going to spiritual healers rather than seek medical attention (Nayem, 2005). Some cultures prefer to treat this ailment with alternative therapies to allopathic ones.   Depression, though a serious and debilitating disease, does not command the same attention as other medical disorders like heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, or even obesity. According to Pasacreta (2008) there has been little attention given to depression and its consequences when we compare it with other diseases. For example obesity has been associated with diabetes many times. Even though depression also has a similar association with type II diabetes, not many people are aware of this fact.   Since public concern is lacking in communities, many depressed people fail to come forward, and receive proper treatment. If this trend continues prevalence of depression will continue to rise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the attitudes of different cultures may vary toward the disease, it does not change the fact that â€Å"depression poses enormous costs for individual, family, and the society† (Nayem F, 2005). Depression is a severe disease with far reaching effects, starting from the patient, who may inflict self harm, leading to a family life, which cannot function in the same way as before (Scott, 2003). There has been research demonstrating depression as a burrden to people, communities, and health services as the treatment is long term and the patient has little or no productivity to society (Nayem, 2005). This research further highlights the need to conduct a survey to assess the perception of depression across various cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People are unaware of the magnitude of the problem and its economic implications. In certain cultures, inability to diagnose the disease or disregard of its seriousness lead to delayed medical opinion and treatment. Through this study, we will try to substantiate the various levels of awareness that different cultures have about the disease. The severity of depression usually gets aggravated if it is not treated promptly after diagnosis. This leads to a greater burden on the country. Scott (2003) echoed this sentiment when he stated â€Å"In the National Health Service the cost of treating depression ( £887 million) exceeds the cost of treating both hypertension ( £439 million) and diabetes ( £300 million). However, here, the direct health care costs are dwarfed by the indirect costs (i.e. days lost from work owing to depression exceed all other disorders and the economic burden on family members and society is considerable).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     North American and African cultures both differ in there perceptions about depression as a disease. Different cultures may feel that depression is a problem but western cultures are more likely to view it as a disease which needs medical therapy just like any other, whereas the people from the non western culture will perceive depression as more of a social and moral problem which requires self-management. There will generally be a lack of knowledge about depression as a disease in the non western community.   The false beliefs and stigmas will be more present in non western cultures as compared to their western counterparts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How widespread is serious depression? According to Dr. Nathan S. Kline of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, â€Å"it has been estimated that 15 per cent of the adult population of the United States has some degree of depression which is serious enough to be in need of treatment. This amounts to about 20 million people, which makes it not only the most frequent psychological disorder but also one of the most common of all serious medical conditions.† Depression is so widespread that it has been called â€Å"the common cold of mental disturbances.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Studies report that women outstrip men in suffering from depression by a ratio of about 2 to 1, though some claim that this is because women are more willing to admit that they are depressed. Depression afflicts all races and every social and economic level. While the malady is most common between the ages of sixty and seventy, it strikes all age groups and has been rising among persons in their twenties. Why do so many millions of persons suffer from depression?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much study has gone into uncovering the root causes of mental depression. Flaws in human society constitute one main source of the problem. Illustrating an aspect of this are comments by Dr. John Schwab, of the University of Florida College of Medicine: â€Å"We’re in an era of change right now. Old values such as the old work ethic are being rejected and people are caught in an ideological vacuum. Kids see that the fruits of four hundred years of scientific progress may be more bitter than sweet—but they don’t know what to put in its place, and consequently there is a sense of futility.† Because of this, many disillusioned youngsters seek â€Å"escape† through drugs and other means. â€Å"The search for highs among the young,† observes Dr. Schwab, â€Å"is often only a flight from the lows.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also contributing to the rise in depression is â€Å"supermobility.† Families that keep changing their places of residence, hopping about from house to house and city to city, do not stay in one place long enough to build solid relationships with other people. A psychiatrist at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center wrote: â€Å"Psychiatrists around Boston have been aware for some time of what is called ‘the Route 128 syndrome’ or in Florida ‘the Cape Kennedy syndrome.’ It is found in young families who have moved too much, and its components are a husband too centered in his career, a depressed wife and troubled children.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes depression results when a person reaches a â€Å"plateau† in his life after many years of painstaking labor. A hard-driving business executive may finally achieve the top position in his company, only to realize that he no longer has a goal in life. Housewives in their forties and fifties often suffer from what psychiatrists call â€Å"empty nest syndrome.† By this time their children usually have grown up, their husbands are at work for most of each day and they must face lonely hours in houses devoid of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What about the feelings of inferiority that often accompany depression? Here too the responsibility may rest with human society. How so? Because it is often at a tender age that children are made to feel unattractive. Their peers may ridicule them if they are unable to do what the majority consider the â€Å"in† thing. If a youngster tends to be clumsy and uncoordinated, schoolmates and playmates can influence the child to believe that he â€Å"can’t do anything right.† Children of this type often combine the generalization: â€Å"I am weak,† with the value judgment: â€Å"It’s disgusting to be weak.† Such youths are likely candidates for depression. Method    Participants   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Approximately 40 students (20 western, 20 international) students from a Midwest liberal arts college will participate in this study. All of them would be selected using randomized sampling. Participants will be offered candy for the completion of the survey. Materials    The survey questionnaire will consist of questions related to assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards depression and a demographic data form. The survey forms will contain closed ended questions only. It will consist of 3 parts.   The first section will consist of demographic questions to gather information about the participants: How long have they lived here. Have they adopted the western culture of living or not. The second part will consist of closed questions. The participants will have to choose from the given options in the questionnaires. There will be questions that ask whether they consider depression to be a serious disease. Whether they believe it is a disease of the mind, body, or mind and body. Questions related to stigma would also be included for example do they believe mentally ill people are more aggressive than others? Do they believe mental illnesses are not as severe as physical ones? Do they believe depressed people can be cured with drugs only, or do they require social and community help? Moreover, to support the validation of the results of the survey, the review of literature to be utilized within the research shall show a specific scale of measure that is used by psychologists to identify the behavior of humans with regards to depression from different cultures all over the world. Procedure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is imperative to find out exactly how different cultures perceive depression as a disease. The researcher plans on conducting this research. This research will deal with the perception of depression as a disease amongst western and non western cultures. The research will also look into the level of awareness in different cultures about the prevalence of disease in their societies. This research will try to substantiate if the perception of depression varies with different cultures.   To complete the said aim, the research will be conducted on campus.   Participants will be debriefed on the study being researched. The researcher would then have the participants sign a consent form before they participate in the study. After which, a survey kit would then be handed out to them and they would be given three days to return them back. Data analysis A one way ANOVA would be conducted to analyze the data. Since we have two independent sample populations and more than two variables. This will allow for the comparison of attitudes about depression for members of Western and non-Western cultures. Using the ANOVA we can calculate whether the stated answers have associations with either the western or non western societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Depression Information and Fact Statistics (2008), Depression statistics and information, retrieved on February 13, 2008, from http://www.add-adhd-help-center.com/Depression/statistics.htm Haasen C, Levit O, Gelbert A, Foroutan N, Norovjav A, Sinaa M, et.al, (2007), Relationship between mental distress and acculturation among migrants, psychrische praxis,    retrieved on February 13, 2008, from the NCBI database on   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Karasz, A. (2005), Cultural differences in conceptual models of depression, Social Science & medicine, 60, 1625-35, retrieved on February 13, 2008, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15652693?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn Kessler, R., McGonagle K,, & Zhao S, et al. (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry;51:8-19. Murray, C., Lopez, A.D. (1997). â€Å"Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study†. Lancet 349 Neem F, Ayub M., Izhar N, Javed Z, et al (2005). Stigma and knowledge of depression, Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 21(2) 155-158. Pasacreta. J, (2008), Depression: Is society taking the wrong approach? , retrieved on February 13, 2008, from http://www.helium.com/tm/646939/novel-approach-managing-depression Scott, J. (2003), Global burden of depression: the intersection of culture and medicine, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183: 92-94, retrieved on February 13, 2008, from http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/183/2/92 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. Mental Health: Culture, Race, Ethnicity – Supplement, A Report of the Surgeon General 1999.from: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cre/default.asp.

The Culture Of The Family - 983 Words

Every family has a different culture. Whether the culture is about religion, or within the immediate family, every family has a different outlook. Laney and her family have discussed what their culture is. Culture includes what the family does on a daily basis and traditions. On a daily basis Laney keeps in touch with her family. She calls her parents daily to talk about what has happened in her life, and her parents also call her to catch up. Laney has 1 sister who she was very close with growing up. Now that her sister is married and living with her husband, their traditions have changed. Instead of seeing each other every day they now make a point to meet up. Some traditions that Laney has with her family is spending the holidays together, making trips up to her grandparent’s farm and making time for family lake trips. Culture of Family Laney and her family are Caucasian and their religion is catholic. Growing up Laney was baptized and was taught to go to church. 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